Hamas cyber unit runs spyware ops on Israeli soldiers
Atlantic Council report details how Hamas built espionage-focused cyber capabilities, including fake apps used to spy on Israeli soldiers via smartphones.
This Atlantic Council report examines Hamas's evolution as a non-state cyber actor, arguing the group has steadily developed offensive cyber and information capabilities that primarily serve espionage and influence operations rather than destructive attacks. The report frames Hamas as a 'green hat' actor—relatively unsophisticated but persistent and improving—whose cyber activity reinforces its broader strategy of resisting Israel and building political legitimacy among Palestinians.
The centerpiece case study details a 2018 campaign in which Hamas-linked operators distributed trojanized Android apps, including a fake World Cup live-scores app ('Golden Cup'), a fitness/running tracker, and dating apps ('Wink Chat', 'Glance Love') via the Google Play store. These apps deployed spyware capable of location tracking, camera/microphone access, image exfiltration, and call monitoring, targeting Israeli soldiers and civilians to collect intelligence on IDF bases and military hardware. The IDF responded with 'Operation Broken Heart' to counter the dating-app vector.
The report situates this activity within Hamas's broader strategic use of terrorism and information operations, drawing parallels to Russian 'information confrontation' doctrine, and calls for policymakers to reconsider counterterrorism frameworks that currently focus on nation-state cyber threats and critical-infrastructure defense, largely overlooking militant/terrorist groups building offensive cyber capacity.
Mentioned in this report
Detection guidance
Suspicious Android App Requesting Sensitive Permissions at Runtime
Android app requesting microphone/camera/location permissions at runtime with suspicious timing or context - consistent with spyware deployment. Auto-generated starting point — validate and tune in your environment before deploying. IOC matches can false-positive on shared infrastructure and decay as adversary infrastructure rotates.
title: Suspicious Android App Requesting Sensitive Permissions at Runtime
description: Detects Android applications requesting audio capture, video capture,
or location permissions at runtime. Spyware disguised as benign apps (fitness trackers,
dating apps, sports scorers) typically request these permissions to enable espionage.
tags:
- attack.collection
- attack.t1429
- attack.t1512
- attack.t1430
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: android
detection:
selection:
CommandLine|contains:
- android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
- android.permission.CAMERA
- android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
- android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
- android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
EventType: PermissionRequest
filter_system_apps:
Image|startswith:
- /system/app/
- /system/priv-app/
condition: selection and not filter_system_apps
falsepositives:
- Legitimate photography, navigation, or communication apps requesting permissions
on first run
- Video conferencing applications requiring camera and microphone access
level: medium
id: 61d2bc22-65f3-5c18-bb82-7144f70583db
status: experimental
author: Vorant
Trojanized Mobile App Exfiltrating Call Logs or Media
Android process accessing call logs, contacts, or media directories combined with outbound network connection to non-standard or suspicious host. Auto-generated starting point — validate and tune in your environment before deploying. IOC matches can false-positive on shared infrastructure and decay as adversary infrastructure rotates.
title: Trojanized Mobile App Exfiltrating Call Logs or Media
description: Detects Android applications accessing sensitive call log and media data
simultaneously with network exfiltration activity. Spyware typically reads call
logs, SMS, photos and contacts, then transmits them to a remote server.
tags:
- attack.collection
- attack.t1433
- attack.exfiltration
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: android
detection:
selection_access:
CommandLine|contains:
- /data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/
- /data/data/com.android.providers.telephony/
- content://call_log/
- content://com.android.contacts/
- /sdcard/DCIM/
- /sdcard/Pictures/
selection_network:
DestinationPort:
- 80
- 443
- 8080
- 8443
DestinationHostname|contains:
- http
- ftp
selection_suspicious_app:
Image|endswith:
- Golden Cup.apk
- Wink Chat.apk
- Glance Love.apk
condition: (selection_access and selection_network) or selection_suspicious_app
falsepositives:
- Contact sync applications backing up call logs to cloud storage
- Photo gallery apps uploading media to legitimate cloud services
level: high
id: 9f313116-1b9e-56d2-9d1e-58cb0c0345d2
status: experimental
author: Vorant
Trojanized App Downloaded from Non-Official Android Store
Android app installation from sources other than Google Play Store, or spoofed Google Play Store, characteristic of malicious app distribution. Auto-generated starting point — validate and tune in your environment before deploying. IOC matches can false-positive on shared infrastructure and decay as adversary infrastructure rotates.
title: Trojanized App Downloaded from Non-Official Android Store
description: Detects installation of Android APK from alternative or suspicious sources
rather than official Play Store. Spyware masquerading as fitness trackers, sports
apps, or dating apps is often distributed via sideload, phishing links, or compromised
storefronts.
tags:
- attack.initial-access
- attack.t1476
logsource:
category: process_creation
product: android
detection:
selection:
EventType: AppInstall
Image|contains:
- adb
- pm install
CommandLine|contains:
- /sdcard/
- /cache/
- /tmp/
- http://
- file://
filter_enterprise_deployment:
CommandLine|contains:
- com.android.systemui
- com.google.android.gms
condition: selection and not filter_enterprise_deployment
falsepositives:
- Developer testing installing APKs via adb during app development
- Enterprise device management tools sideloading signed corporate apps
level: medium
id: e97599e0-d41c-5480-843a-c47fcd5d3baa
status: experimental
author: Vorant
Behavioural rules are generated from public reporting — validate in your environment before deploying.
Source reporting: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/the-cyber-strategy-and-operations-of-hamas-green-flags-and-green-hats
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